Journal Archive

johnson matthey & co. ltd. British Patent 1,582,582

Pt alloys which may be cast by the lost-wax investment casting method contain a minimum of 95% Pt, 1.5−3.5% Ga and the balance Au or other specified metals. Around 0.1% Y may be added as a deoxidiser.

toyo soda manufacturing co. ltd. British Appl. 2,051,128 A

Amorphous alloys, especially useful as electrode materials in brine cells, are prepared by rapid quenching from the liquid state, and contain 10–40 at.%P and/or Si with 0.7 at.%B and/or C, 90–60 at.%Pd, Rh and/or Pt or one of these metals combined with up to 80 at.% Ir and Ru and optionally up to 25 at.% Ti, Zr, Nb or Ta.

national research development corp. British Patent 1,585,070

Electrochemical cells for detecting the presence of an oxidisable or reducible component, such as O₂ or H₂, in a gas or a liquid suffer from background current flow which varies throughout the cell life. This is now overcome by using a Pt/Pt oxide counter electrode of surface area comparable to that of the working electrode, which may be formed from Pd, Ti, Zr, Y or Ni. The counter electrode used in the cell is preferably of Pd.

asahi glass co. ltd. European Appl. 27,146

In a process for producing H₂ by electrolysing an aqueous solution of a Group IA metal hydroxide, a fluorinated polymer cation exchange resin membrane is bonded on one side to a gas and liquid-permeable anode and on the other side to a gas and liquid-permeable cathode. The anode may be a platinum group metal or alloy or oxide thereof, graphite or Ni and the cathode of Fe, Ni, stainless steel or platinum group metal/C.

kernsforschungsonlage julich g.m.b.h. U.S. Patent 4,235,863

A membrane cell for water electrolysis has a hydride forming liquid metal in the cathode compartment, which can be heated to release H₂. The preferred membrane material is Pd coated with Fe where it comes in to contact with the liquid metal.

international business machines corp. British Patent 1,583,696

A new bath which improves the rate of Ni deposition in the presence of Pd contains, per litre, 3–6 g Pd ion, as palladosammine chloride, about 12 g Ni ion, 10–50 g ammonium sulphamate, sulphate or chloride, 1–1000 ppm sulphite ion and 30−50 cm³ NH₄OH to give a pH of 8.8 to 9.6 and to solubilise the Pd and Ni ions as ammonia complexes.

johnson matthey & co. ltd. British Appl. 2,041,246

Coatings on Ni, Co or Fe-based superalloys, refractory alloys or refractory metals consist of a protective layer of one or more platinum group metals and a refractory metal oxide such as Al, Zn, Ti and a thermal barrier of a stabilised refractory oxide, such as yttria stabilised zirconia.

mine safety appliances co. British Appl. 2,053,284 A

A complexed Pd-borane bath is used to deposit a layer containing 1−3% amorphous B, 1−3% crystalline Pd and the remainder intermetallic compounds of Pd and H. This layer bonds extremely strongly to electroless Ni.

oxy metal industries corp. British Appl. 2,060,706 A

Bright, pure Pd deposits may be obtained even on Fe, Co and Ni substrates from a bath containing Pd, as an amine complex, a brightener selected from methylenebis (naphthalene Na sulphonate), Na benzene sulphonate, benzene sulphonamide and phenylsulphonic acid and an optical brightener which is an allylic sulphonate.

halcon research & development corp. U.S. Patent 4,238,551

The rate of corrosion of Ti by strong acid is inhibited by an electrodeposited surface layer of Rh. The whole surface area is protected even if only a small area of the surface is coated with Rh. Other platinum metals are not effective.

siemens a.g. U.S. Patent 4,242,180

The addition of NH₃ to Pd plating baths (for example to form ammine complexes) is undesirable because it constantly evaporates, causing environmental problems and difficulties with pH control. Now aminoacetic acid is added as a sole complexing agent to overcome these problems. The plating baths contain up to 150 g/l of aminoacetic acid, up to 50 g/l Pd as a diglycinate complex and optionally Ag, Ni and/or Co as alloying metals

wti westenschappelijk technische instrumentatie British Patent 1,588,555

A flame ionisation detector for monitoring anaesthetic gases consists of a hairpin shaped capillary tube with a flame aperture at the bend. The flame is ignited by passing an electric current through a Pt wire monitoring electrode mounted in the capillary tube

the radiochemical centre ltd. British Appl. 2,052,846 A

A thin coating of Rh is used to protect the Ni-63 source in a smoke detector ionisation chamber.

ford motor co. U.S. Patent 4,225,559

The loss of low temperature sensitivity of known TiO₂-based O₂ sensors exposed to exhaust gas streams is due to Pt loss caused by the vaporisation of PtO₂. The loss may now be reduced by forming the electrodes from a Pt-Rh alloy, preferably Pt-10% Rh.

johnson matthey & co. ltd. U.S. Patent 4,235,868

Nitrido-bridged Os and Ru compounds are novel reagents for the detection of DNA and polysaccharides by electron spectroscopy.

ford motor co. U.S. Patent 4,237,722

The susceptibility of Pt electrodes of a TiO₂-based sensor to attack by C present in engine exhausts is reduced by increasing the amount of energy required to produce chemical reaction between the Pt and C. This may be achieved by annealing the electrodes or by alloying the Pt with Au or Rh.

tokyo shibaura denki k.k. U.S. Patent 4,242,303

A gas detector having high sensitivity towards isobutane and low alcohol sensitivity has a detector element containing a n-type metal oxide semiconductor (for example ZnO or SnO₂), up to 8% of Pt, Pd and/or Rh and P (in an amount 1.5 to 30 times the platinum metal content of the material).

coolbox vertriebsgesellschaft g.m.b.h. German Offen. 2,928,324

A cell for measuring the concentration of ozone in water has electrodes of a Pt-containing Au alloy, preferably 80% Au-15% Ag-3% Pd-2% Pt.

welwyn electric ltd. British Appl. 2,051,775 A

The mutual connection and bonding of thick film electrical conductors is carried out with conducting particles in a glass-ceramic matrix, for example Pd-Ag in a glass matrix.

owens-corning fiberglas corp. U.S. Patent 4,240,847

Small particle alloys of Pt and Rh prepared by reducing complexes of the metals in aqueous solution are particularly effective for bonding platinum group metal sheets to refractory substrates. The alloys are deposited on to the refractory and heated.

century mfg. co. British Patent 1,585,527

Steam dissociation is carried out in the presence of a magnetic catalyst which may be or contain Pd, amongst other catalytic metals, and an applied magnetic field. Application of the magnetic field allows dissociation to take place at a lower temperature.

caterpillar tractor co. British Patent 1,586,530

NH₃ is mixed with an I.C.E. exhaust gas stream and passed over a catalyst, deposited on an inorganic support, at 200−800°C to reduce the NO content. The reaction is completed over an oxidation catalyst. Platinum group metal catalysts are preferred.

marcon laboratories inc. British Patent 1,586,570

An O₂-free environment is provided by a closed bag containing a H₂ generator, such as a tablet containing K borohydride, a catalyst, such as Pd on Au for promoting reaction between O₂ and H₂ and a colour indicator showing the presence or absence of O₂.

k. schmidt g.m.b.h. British Patent 1,589,011

The head of the piston of an I.C.E. is coated with a layer of porous Al₂O₃ impregnated with a Pt-Pd or Pt-Rh catalyst.

u.o.p. inc. British Appl. 2,055,303 A

I.C.E. catalysts, which are responsive to change between oxidising and reducing conditions and contain Pt-Rh or Pd-Rh, are promoted with up to 10% U. The catalysts are used in three-way converters.

johnson matthey & co. ltd. British Appl. 2,056,424 A

O₃ is removed from gases by decomposition to O₂ on a catalyst containing one or more of Pt, Pd, Ru, Ir, Os, Rh, Fe, Co, Ni, Ag, Mn, and Sn and/or alloys, mixtures and compounds containing one or more of these metals. Preferably the catalyst metal is deposited on a wash-coated metal alloy support.

ricardo consulting engineers ltd. British Appl. 2,057,563 A

A reciprocating engine, without spark ignition, uses a catalyst in each combustion chamber to initiate and promote combustion. A preferred catalyst consists of a Pt gauze supported on a wide-grid carrier.

exxon research & engineering co. European Appl. 21,854

Application of a magnetic field to a bed of, for example, Pt particles mixed with particles of a ferromagnetic material, greatly improves the gassolid contact and reduces the residence time.

u.o.p. inc. U.S. Patent 4,231,897

A catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion consists of pyrolysed Re carbonyl impregnated on to a porous carrier containing 0.01−2% of a platinum group metal, 0.01−5% Re, 0.01−5% Cd and 0.1−3.5% of a halogen component.

exxon research & engineering co. U.S. Patent 4,231,898

A catalyst is prepared by impregnating a carrier with a Cu-halogen acid solution, neutralising and then impregnating the neutralised support with a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component, which may be Pt, Pd and/or Ir with Re.

johnson matthey & co. ltd. U.S. Patent 4,233,185

A catalyst for oxidation-reduction reactions is an intermetallic compound TiPt₃, LnPd, LnPd₃, Ln₅Pd₂, TaIr₃, NbIr₃, TaPd, TiRu, NbIr, TaRh₃, NbRh₃, VIr₃ or CeRu₂, where Ln is Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho or europium.

ford motor co. U.S. Patent 4,233,188

An equilibrium three-way catalyst (which is active over all operating conditions of an I.C. engine and may be used with normal carburettor systems consists of 10−5000 ppm Ir, 500−50,000 ppm of an O₂ storage material, (such as Re), 500−10,000 ppm Ni or W and 500−10,000 ppm Pd.

johnson matthey & co. ltd. U.S. Patent 4,237,032

A catalyst, which as well as removing O₂ from a gas containing excess O₂ will also restore O₂ to an O₂ deficient gas, consists of a substrate, a washcoat of a refractory metal oxide and Ni and Ce and a precious metal catalytic coating of Pt, Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, Os, Au and/or Ag. The washcoat preferably consists of the refractory metal oxide and a perovskite, such as La_0.8Ba_0.2Co_0.987Rh_0.013O₃.

institut francais du petrole U.S. Patent 4,239,652

A catalyst for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons under severe conditions contains 0.05−0.06% of a platinum group metal, 0.005−5% Sb, 0.01−4% of Ga, In and/or Tl and 1−10% of a halogen component supported on Al₂O₃. It is used in a moving bed reactor and has an improved life compared with conventional catalysts.

chinoin gyogyszer U.S. Patent 4,239,653

Pd salts or complexes adsorbed on active C having homogeneous pore distribution, and which have been treated with an alkali and then reduced, give non-pyrophoric, highly active catalysts.

k. k. toyota chuo kenkyusho U.S. Patent 4,239,656

A durable, high mechanical strength catalyst for use in I.C.E. exhaust gas purifiers contains Pt and/or Pd supported on an Al₂O₃-MgO₂ spinel.

exxon research & engineering co. U.S. Patent 4,239,658

Regenerable catalyst-reagents for conversion and oligomerisation of methane to ethylene- and benzene-rich fractions at low temperature contain a Group VIII or IB noble metal, notably Pt, Ir or Pd, a Group VIB metal oxide which is reducible to a lower oxide, notably Cr, Mo or W and a Group IIA metal, especially Mg or Sr, composited with a spinel-coated refractory support.

m. panstwawa & instytut nawozow sztueznych U.S. Patent 4,239,833

Getter grids for preventing platinum metal loss from nitric acid plants are woven from wires having different gauges. For pressureless processes the thickness difference is 30−400%, for medium pressure reactions 60−600% and for high pressure reactions 100−1000%. The design reduces pressure drop in the reaction caused by the use of getter grids.

e. i. du pont de nemours & co. U.S. Patent 4,240,933

An amorphous Pd/SiO₂ catalyst contains small amounts of Zr, Th, Hf, Ce, Ti or Al hydroxides or oxides. Preparation conditions are adjusted so that the additive metal compound deposits from the solution before the Pd compound and serves as a base for the subsequently reduced Pd metal.

frnst rawyler-ehrat U.S. Patent 4,242,076

Less fuel is required to operate a diesel or Otto engine if H₂O vapour is added to the fuel supply and if a H₂O dissociation catalyst is included in the combustion chamber. A Pt sponge catalyst may be used.

sun oil co. of pennsylvania U.S. Patent 4,242,529

Hydrogenolysis of a saturated endo-endo dehydronorbornadiene hexacyclic dimer is carried out in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst (Pd, Ni, Rh or Pt). The resulting pentacyclic isomers are used to depress the freezing point of the saturated hexacyclic dimer which is used as a high density missile fuel.

air products & chemicals inc. British Patent 1,584,740

A Rh complex catalyst having phosphorus or arsenic ligands, typically di[bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane]Rh chloride, has low volatility when used in carbonylation reactions for the preparation of carboxylic acids and esters, resulting in low catalyst loss and hence longer catalyst life.

johnson matthey & co. ltd., bp chemicals ltd. and the university of sheffield British Appl. 2,054,592 A

A mixture of an alcohol and a compound containing a carboxylic group, especially ethanol and acetic acid, is produced from an aldehyde in the presence of a platinum group metal catalyst, such as [Rh₂(C₅Me₅)₂(OH)₃]Cl.₄H₂O.

kuraray co. ltd. British Appl. 2,056,874 A

Certain trisubstituted diphosphino compounds, such as trans-1,2-bis(diphenyl-phosphinomethyl)-cyclopropane, considerably prolong the active life of Rh catalysts, such as HRh(CO)(PPh₃)₃ used in the hydroformylation of olefinic compounds.

thomas c. elder inc. British Appl. 2,058,073 A

Psoralen dermal sensitising agents for use in photochemotherapy may be produced by the oxidation of coumarin derivatives with OsO₄.

u.k. secretary of state for defence British Appl. 2,058,074 A

New catalysts for olefin hydrogenation, silane alcoholysis and other reactions have the formula [ZPdLL′]₂X₂ where Z is an alkylene or phenylene disphosphine, diarsine, distibine or diamine, L and L′ are weakly co-ordinated solvent molecules and X is an anion, such as a Pd perchlorate-bis(diphenyl phosphino)ethane-solvent complex.

union carbide corp. European Appl. 28,378

The stability of Rh-carbonyl-tertiary phosphine catalysts for olefin hydroformylation is improved if the phosphine ligand is RPPh₂ or R₂PPh and R is a branched or cyclic alkyl group.

allied chemical corp. U.S. Patent 4,232,170

Anionic Ru and Rh hydride catalyst containing P, arsenic and antimony aryl and alkyl ligands, typically K tris(triphenylphosphine)Ru hydride, are active for the homogeneous hydrogenation of primary carboxylic acid esters to primary alcohols. The original filing covered Group VIII metal catalysts but the claims have been limited to specific Ru and Rh catalysts.

institut francais du petrole French Appl. 2,450,802

Pd catalysts, PdLL′L″_m, where L and L′ are acetate, carboxylate or sulphonate ligands and L″ is an amine, phosphine, arsine or stibine ligand, are active for the oxidation of propylene to allyl acetate.

texas instruments inc. U.S. Patent 4,229,490

Fuel cell electrodes are prepared by impregnating a thin carbonised paper-like substrate with an electrolyte-repelling material and then screen-printing Pt black electrodes on to the repellent layer.

u.s. department of energy U.S. Patent 4,232,097

An O₂ electrode for an acid fuel cell has a Group IA metal-W bronze substrate covered by a thin layer of Pt-W bronze, Pt_yWO₃, where y is at least 0.8.

union carbide corp. British Appl. 2,055,106 A

Cellulose polymers, which are particularly suitable for use in oil drilling applications are crosslinked by polyvalent metal compounds. A long list of suitable crosslinking metals includes Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag and Pt.

general electric co. British Patent 1,583,660

A new design of all-glass lamp uses wedge pins made of Pt-plated Mo.

plessey co. ltd. British Patent 1,585,899

Optical fibres are usually coated with a protective plastic layer which is not suitable for use in hostile, high temperature (400°C) environments. Fibres suitable for use at these temperatures are first coated with a Pt or Au resinate solution and are then plated, for example with Pt, Au or Cu, to increase the coating thickness.

r.c.a. corp. British Appl. 2,060,973 A

The material used and the thickness of the reflective, transmissive and absorptive layers of an optical recording material are chosen to obtain high sensitivity for widely differing, more than 100 nm, wavelengths. The reflective layer may be Au or Al and the absorptive layer of Rh.

thomson-c.s.f. European Appl. 24,378

A solar cell consisting of a metal substrate coated with doped Si post-treated with a H plasma is further coated with a very thin (transparent) layer of a metal, preferably Pt.

ricardo consulting engineers ltd. European Appl. 25,298

A reciprocating piston I.C.E. which has a low compression ratio, for example 11–15:1, and can operate on petrol, methanol or diesel fuel includes a swirl-promoting pre-combustion chamber and a catalytic screen of Pt gauze.

siemens a.g. European Appl. 27,205

Relay contacts having excellent properties are sintered products containing 80−100% Ni and 0−20% Pd.

international business machines corp. European Appl. 27,855

An electrochromic display device includes a film of a polymer, such as polypyrrole, deposited on a display electrode which is preferably of Pt.

general electric co. U.S. Patent 4,231,195

A bonded diamond body, for use in abrasive tools, consists of diamond crystals bonded together by a mass of eutectic Si-rich alloy, (the Si may be alloyed with Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Y and/or other transition metals) which also contain hexagonal nitride. The B nitride may be added in a shielding metal cup of Y.

international business machines corp. U.S. Patent 4,236,946

A sputtered amorphous film having a highly stable easy axis of magnetisation consists of Fe, B and up to 10% of a transition metal, which may be Pt, Pd or Y.

ferro corp. U.S. Patent 4,243,710

An ink consisting of a mixture of metal powders in a thermoplastic vehicle can be screened on to a dielectric substrate and immediately laminated without a drying step. The ink, especially useful for the manufacture of multi-layer ceramic capacitors, contains 40% of metal powder consisting of 20 parts Pt, 20 parts Pd and 60 parts Au, and 60% of a vehicle consisting of 68 parts cetyl alcohol, 18 parts spermaceti wax and 14 parts methacrylate resin.

asahi kasei kogyo k.k. U.S. Patent 4,243,746

Dry imaging material for microfilm applications consists of a sub-layer containing at least 70% Pd, Au and/or Ge of thickness 5−200 Å, a main imaging layer containing Sn and optionally an outer protective polymer layer. The sublayer modifies the layer structure of the Sn-based imaging layer giving good sensitivity and excellent gradation.

sidbec-dosco British Patent 1,586,015

A self-heating thermocouple for monitoring the hot face of a refractory lining of a metallurgical furnace consists of Pt:Pt-Rh thermocouples embedded in an outer sheath of insulating refractory metal oxide and an inner sheath of a powdered oxide material such as Ni-ferrite, which becomes conductive at high temperature.

leeds & northrup co. U.S. Patent 4,242,659

The header portion of the probe is formed from a sandwich of three buttons (brazed together with a Au-Cu brazing alloy) enabling the header to withstand shock and vibration in use. A resistance thermometer detector chip is brazed (with a Cu-Au or Pt-Au-Ag brazing alloy) to the header and Pt ribbon straps are resistance welded between a contact pad on the chip and thick film metallisation on the header.

cordiscorp. British Patent 1,583,610

Where the cardiac pacer contains an electrochemical cell which generates hydrogen, Pd is introduced into the cell to act as a getter. Pd is present as a solid body which is oxidised on its surface and hermetically sealed into the casing using this oxide film.

johnson matthey & co. ltd. British Appl. 2,060,615 A

New agents for cancer treatment are Pt(II) or (IV) halide complexes of one molecule of NH₃ and one of an aliphatic amine, such as a PtCl₂ complex of NH₃ and cyclopentylamine or ethylamine.